2014年在職研究生試卷

2014年真題

Part IOral Communication (10 points) 

Section ADirections:In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue hasthree blanks and three choices A,B and C, takenfrom the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 

Dialogue One

A.They had been in there for about 5 minutes 

B. It's theother man I'm talking about 

C. I thought you said there were three men

Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with thegun，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, "Give me all your money" and the other one -Police officer:_____1______?Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. _____2_____the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy -Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the otherpeople behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35.________3______Dialogue Two 

A.Ilike a goodstory

B.They still make movies like that 

C.People today don't like that

Speaker A: I like watching old l movies and I think they are the best.

Speaker B: I agree with you, eventhough they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color. 

Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies. 

Speaker B: No, there wasn't._______4_______ 

Speaker A: They like lots of action. 

Speaker B:_____5______

Speaker A:I like to see actors who are like real people. 

Speaker B:Like real people with real problems. 

Speaker A:___6____Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money. 

Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which hasfour blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 

A.I do a lot of research on the Internet too 

B.I document everything

C.Of course they mail their friends endlessly 

D.I do a lot of my shopping on the net now

Interviewer:Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?

Interviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; myiphone5; and my Olympus digital camera.____7____: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch myeye as I walk past.

Interviewer:What do you use your computer for?

Interviewee: Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screennow and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. _____8______- there are some fantastic sites around now. 

Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?

Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home._____9_____ - and on topof that they're always texting on their mobile phones! They play computergames when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't likedoing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision siteson the Internet. _____10_____- 15 minutes for a whole supermarket"visit"! That feels really good. 

Part ⅡVocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined.Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,Cand D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

11. Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers. 

A. in the interest of 

B. under the control of 

C .for the sake of 

D. at the cost of

12.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressivelyproducers market it . 

A. vigorously B. effectively C. efficientlyD. rigorously

13. Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.

A.in case thatB.in spite that C.for fear that D. in order that

14. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality . 

A. imagination B. impression C. presentationD.expression

15. Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years. 

A. pressure B. reflection C. examinationD. attack

16. The mayor has spent ahandsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate . 

A. sufficient B. plentyC. considerableD. moderate

17.His poor performance maybe attributed to the lack of motivation. 

A. caused byB. focused onC. taken for D. viewed as 

18. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment. 

A. encourageB. obtain C. publicize D. advertise

19. Conditions for the growth of this plant areoptimum in early summer. 

A. most acceptableB. most expressive C. most favoriteD. most desirable

20. She often says her greatest happinessconsists in helping the disadvantaged children. 

A. is proportionate toB. is composed of C. lies in D. relies on

Part IIIReading Comprehension (25 points) Section ADirections: In this section, there arefourpassages followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose thebest answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 

Passage One

Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can't afford.We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough forretirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums . The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March. Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates -but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional effortsto boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom.Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such asbudgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college studentsconducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found thatstudents who'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high schoolscored no better than those who hadn't.    "We need to figure out how to do this the right way,"says Lewis Mandell, a  professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studyingfinancial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don't work.A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach isneeded. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, puttingreal money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about theemotions and social influences tied to how we spend .    Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial andsocial    pressures that affect purchasing decisions.Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? "It takes confidence to take a stand and to thinkdifferently," saysJerooBillimoria ,founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries ,aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives .”    “This goes beyond money and savings"    

21.  The financial-literacy education is intended to________.   

A. help Americans to overcome the financial crisis   

B. enable Americans to manage money wisely    

C. increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisis   

D. renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-management    

22. According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be_______.   

A. well-receivedB. costly   C. rewardingD. ineffective    

23.Bysaying that "the financial-literacy movement has gained steam"(Para .3) ,theauthor means that the movement______.   

A.has gone through financial difficulties   B. has received much criticism   C. has been regarded as imaginative   D. has been more and more popular   

24. Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to ________.   

A.help students scorebetter in money-management courses   

B. improve the social awareness of financial education   

C. carry out financial-literacy education properly   

D. manage money in a more efficient way    

25. Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree thatcommercial and social pressures makeone's purchasing decisions________.   

A. difficultB.feasible   C. unwiseD. acceptable    

Passage Two    

Cheating is nothing new,But today,educators and administrators are finding that    instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent -and are less likely to be punished - than in the past . Cheating appears to have gainedacceptance among good and poor students alike .    Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributedincreased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic（實用主義的）than their more idealistic predecessors.Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’s students feel greatpressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools andcolleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had becomeeasy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty."People are competitive," said a second-yearcollege student named Anna, fromChicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined.The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself .To achieve .To succeed .It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals,    Edward Wynne , a magazine editor ,blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action .Dwight Huber ,chairman of the English department at Amarillo .sees the matterdifferently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. "I wouldcheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer testsrather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together,students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong withthe individual who are doing it," he said. "That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system." 

26.  Educators are finding that students who cheat_______.   

A. are not only those academically weak   

B. tend to be dishonest in later years   

C.are more likely to be punished than before   

D. have poor academic records    

27.   According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?   

A.  Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.    

B.  Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating .             .   

C.  Students' cheating has deep social roots.   

D.  Students do not cheat on essay tests.    

28.   Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huberagree with ?   

A.  Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.   

B.  Students who cheat should be expelled from school.   

C.  Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.   

D.  Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.    

29.   The expression "the individuals" (the last paragraph) refers to ________   

A.  school administrators   B.  students who cheat   C. parents   D. teachers   

30.  The passage mainly discusses_______   

A:  ways to eliminate academic dishonesty   

B:  factors leading to academic dishonesty   

C:  the decline of moral standards of today's youth   

D:  people's tolerance of students' cheating   

Passage Three    

Last week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate g:ives her a panic attack.    Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐懼癥) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.    While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend isdisgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does anirrational fear of cheese come from?   Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusualanxieties over time? Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. Therewas no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselvestrapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst.    While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we "take advantage ofthe situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the wholefacing my worst nightmare thing.    However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, butterrifying? Not so much.    Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process,but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.  

31. The 34-year-old British woman is extremelyafraid of metal forks because   

A.she has never used them before   

B.she has been injured by them before   

C.she couldn't bear their sound on plate   

D.she is afraid that they may hurt her    

32.  The phrase "rats with wings" (Para. 3) refers to______   

A. strange birdsB. pigeons   C.devilsD. exotic rats    

33.  The author's fear of elevators is the result of_______   

A. her phobia for no reason   

B. her nervousness of being alone   

C. her dislike of being in closed spaces   

D. her terrible experience    

34.  After the fear subsided, the author realized that______   

A. her boyfriend's help was important    

B. she could have had a good time with her boyfriend   

C. an elevator ride could be exciting   

D. it was not as horrible as she had thought    

35.  The purpose for the author to share her experience is to_______   

A. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficult   

B. encourage people to overcome their fears   

C. introduce what strange fears people have   

D.  explain why people have strange fears

Passage Four    

The American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangeroushealth misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, anddiet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates  (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly becomeoverweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread andopt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourageconsumers to buy their "carb-free" food products. But the truth is, the human bodyneeds carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but isexhausted of thisdietary element is not in good shape after all.    Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded withcarbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefitssome fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help toprevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your bodyof the many health benefits of carbohydrates.    One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also contain    antioxidants  (抗氧化劑)  , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with thepotential to cause cancer.    This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely ofcarbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthybodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the foodpyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy　diet, shows that a person should consumesix to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each offruits and vegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cuttingcarbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea.    The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well asguide you toward a proper exercise program forweight loss, or muscle gain. Theseprofessionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line:listen to the experts, not the advertisers!  

36.  As is used in Paragraph l, the word "exhausted" most possibly means______   

A. derivedB. deprived   C. startledD. starving    

37.  According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free” products_______   

A. offer healthy optionsB. are responsible for obesity   C. are not telling the truthD. value consumers' well-being    

38. Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates?   

A. Prevention of fiber reduction.    B. Prevention of heart disease.   C. Prevention of stroke.   D. Prevention of cancer.   

39. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .   

A. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energy   

B. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fats   

C. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fats   

D. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins   

40. The main purpose of the passage is to   

A. promote more physical exercise   

B. advocate a healthy diet    

C. describe the variety of carbohydrates   

D. explain how to live a healthy life   

Section B  Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the commentson it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose thebest answer and mark your answer onthe Answer Sheet    

One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be　actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering atschoolhelping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few workingparents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that fewparents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.    Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of howparental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researcherscombed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helpingthem with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthese measures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.    What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(適得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.    Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.    While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find ahandful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewerthan half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, wherepolicymakers have the most influence - they take place at home. 

Comment 1:　Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parentalinvolvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents wantconsciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parentssooner than otherwise.   Comment 2:    It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturityhave a lot to do withsuccess in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by highschool, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place.   Comment 3:    The article doesn't clearly define "helping," but I understood it as actually assistingchildren in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewingtheir work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. Ithink the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no studywould discourage parents from monitoring their children's performance!   

41.  The word "they" (Para. l) refers to      .   

A. studies   B. principles   C. values   D. obligations    

42.  What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?   

A. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.   

B. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.   

C. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.   

D. Schools should communicate with parents regularly. 

43.  Comment1 suggests that    

A. parents should leave their children alone   

B. kids should be kids after all    

C. parents may influence children's thinking   

D. persistent parental involvement is a must    

44.   The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that   

A. high intelligence does not guarantee success   

B. getting ready for college is an emotional process   

C. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life   

D. high school is often boring in the U.S.    

45.   Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?   

A. Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.   

B. Monitoring kids' class performance.   

C. Assisting kids in their exercises.    

D. Making sure kids have finished their work   

Part IV Cloze (10 points)    Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank thereare four choices marked, A, B, C,and D.Choose the bestanswerfor each blankand mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.    Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends   46   a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel.   47   .But there’s something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about:   48    the gift is practical in the first place.    49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things　50　great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.    But do the receivers care? Often,no. "Gift receivers would be     51     ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested     52   . attemptingto be'thoughtful and considerate' by buying gifts they did not explicitly request" to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to  53   gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g.  the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the   54    of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers    55    favor gifts based on feasibility . 

46.A. to open      B. opening       C. have opened        D. opened   

47. A. in person    B. in turn         C. in place            D. in return   

48. A. Whether     B. When         C. Why              D. How    

49. A. To be sure   B. To sum up    C. In many ways      D. In many cases   

50.A. work out     B. lead to       C. make for         D. take up   

51.A.happier      B. more surprised  C. happy          D. surprised   

52.A.regardless of B. rather than     C. as toD.but for   

53.A. decide       B. classify        C. select            D. measure   

54.A. look         B. quality        C. nevertheless       D. ease    

55.A. unexpectedly   B. whereas  C. nevertheless       D. continuously   Part V   Text Completion (20 points)    Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging    from 56 to75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to becompleted. First, usethe choices provided in the box to complete thephrases. Second, use the completed phrasesto fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.   

Text One    A. accelerate B. otherwise C. between D.imitate   Phrases:    A. would be difficult to    56   B. from   57    its feathers   C. enabling the bird to    58   D. it    59   could  

46.A. to open      B. opening       C. have opened        D. opened   

47. A. in person    B. in turn         C. in place            D. in return   

48. A. Whether     B. When         C. Why              D. How    

49. A. To be sure   B. To sum up    C. In many ways      D. In many cases   

50.A. work out     B. lead to       C. make for         D. take up   

51.A.happier      B. more surprised  C. happy          D. surprised   

52.A.regardless of B. rather than     C. as toD.but for   

53.A. decide       B. classify        C. select            D. measure   

54.A. look         B. quality        C. nevertheless       D. ease    

55.A. unexpectedly   B. whereas  C. nevertheless       D. continuously   

Part V   Text Completion (20 points)    Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging    from 56 to75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to becompleted. First, usethe choices provided in the box to complete thephrases. Second, use the completed phrasesto fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.   Text One    A. accelerate B. otherwise C. between D.imitate   Phrases:    A. would be difficult to    56   B. from   57    its feathers   C. enabling the bird to    58   D. it    59   could 

The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate thebird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times fasterthan60How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so byreleasing tiny air bubbles   61   .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings,   62   .    Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster byusing bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (船身 ) . However, researchersacknowledge that further investigation is challenging because "the complexity ofpenguin’s wings    63   

Text Two    A. beyond B. as well as C. sending   Phrases:    A.  64   the wages of average families   B.  65   young people to college   C.    66  the reach ofmostAmericans    A research group in California has released a "national report cardon highereducation." The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices -  67  ． Thegroup warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education   68   .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The reportalso expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in   69   .   Text Three    A. so B. hire them C. watching TV   Phrases:    A. and understandably   70   B. that could be spent   71    C. that the companies that72   want money  Children are a special target of advertisers,  73   . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: "You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and   74    . They don't have our best interests in mind."    They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the   time   75   with other activities, such as reading and playing games together. Paper Two   (50 minutes)    Part VI  Translation (10 points)    Directions: Translate thefollowing passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.    The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary - that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. "We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new agreement on the division and distribution of labor” Seymour says.   

Part VII Writing (15 points)    Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic:A Way to Success.Read the following article in Chinese, then write according to the outline given below.Write yourcomposition on the Answer Sheet.  大學畢業(yè)時，小劉決定不找工作，他默默地從事起了網(wǎng)絡(luò)翻譯工作。當時幾乎沒有人看好他，大家認為，大學剛畢業(yè)，最好找一個好單位，學點本領(lǐng)、積累點經(jīng)驗，然后才能有好出路。    5年時間過去了，雖然我們很多人畢業(yè)時都信誓旦旦地說，一旦在單位里學到本領(lǐng)，積累夠經(jīng)驗，就出去打拼一番屬于自己的事業(yè)，但大多數(shù)人在單位這個避風港里，已經(jīng)失去了面對大風浪和新環(huán)境的勇氣，辭職創(chuàng)業(yè)逐漸成了空談。可小劉已經(jīng)開了公司，成為了一名成功的企業(yè)主。 在一次同學會上，小劉說出了他的“秘密”。他說： “成功往往取決于你敢不敢往人少的地方走。這可能會有風險，但因為沒人或很少有人走過，留給你的可能是碩果累累。走別人開辟的老路，雖然看起來很安全，但因為走的人太多，財富與資源大多已被人占有。即使幸運地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一小部分，也必然會被蜂擁而至的人群爭搶與瓜分。”    

1．根據(jù)以上文章寫一篇讀后感；   

2．你如何看待小劉的成功之道；  

3．關(guān)于成功你有什么經(jīng)驗和建議